At ARROW, an NGO based in Malaysia, we have been working to advance women’s health and rights, empowering women through information and knowledge, monitoring international commitments, advocacy and mobilisation along with our national partners across the Asia-Pacific region, regional partners from the global South and allies from the global North.
ARROW, together with its partners and allies, present this statement on the Resolution on the Protection of the Family tabled on June 15, 2015, led by Egypt with the support of Bangladesh, Belarus, Cote d’Ivoire, People’s Republic of China, El Salvador, Mauritania, Morocco, Namibia, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Tunisia, Uganda, Qatar, and the Russian Federation.
Firstly, we commend the acknowledgement of human rights treaties and laws that oblige State Parties to ensure human rights of all. Further, the recognition of the Beijing Platform for Action and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women in the Resolution recognizes the essentiality of ensuring gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls.
We reiterate that the family needs to be discussed beyond narrow ideas of ‘marriage’ or ‘marriage between a man and woman’ alone, so as not to exclude all other families that may not have their origins in marriage (including single-parent families, child-headed families, extended families, families of divorced individuals, same-sex families, intergenerational families, families headed by children orphaned by AIDS or grandparents, among others) thus implying that these families are not entitled to similar protection. Therefore, efforts towards ensuring necessary protection and assistance to families must ensure that all forms of families are recognised, protected and provided for without coercion and exclusion. We also believe that narrow formulations will marginalise people including sexual and gender minorities, single-headed households, child-headed families, families of HIV orphans amongst others.
We call for the recognition of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) into the list of recognized and cited obligatory mechanisms in the Resolution. Additionally, Principle 9 in CPD 1994, which upheld the family as the basic unit of society that is entitled to receive comprehensive protection and support and must be strengthened, should be highlighted in this regard.
We remind State Parties of the calls for recognition of diversity amongst families in form and function in different countries and regions, the inclusion of individual preference and societal conditions during the International Year of the Family in 1994. We also state that any commemorations should promote basic human rights and fundamental freedoms as set out in international instruments in whatever status of individuals and in whatever form of the family. It recognises the caregivers’ role and fostering of equality between women and men within families, to bring about a fuller sharing of domestic responsibilities and employment opportunities.
While we commend the recognition of responsibilities of the family, in order for this to happen gender equality for women and girls has to be ensured throughout the life cycle, including the recognition and realisation of their sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). Women and girls have to have choices and be able to realise their full human rights, within an atmosphere of safety and security in the family, where they are free from violence, abuse and coercion.
While we welcome the focus on gender equality and empowerment including maternal health, it is insufficient to ensure meaningful equality and empowerment for women. Some of the main causes of maternal mortality and morbidity include abortion-related injuries, restrictive and inadequate abortion policies, unavailability of safe, legal abortion services without conditions. These issues must be considered in order to break out of the cycle of poverty and have opportunities to improve overall wellbeing such as quality education, including comprehensive sexuality education. Gender equality thus cannot be achieved without ensuring SRHR of all women and girls and must be considered a fundamental right.
Discussions related to the Post-2015 development agenda should uphold and ensure the full realisation of human rights for women and girls, protection against violence, including that brought about by all forms of extremisms and practices brought on by extreme interpretations of religion as well as ensuring the realisation of SRHR for all. Additionally, they must address inequalities within the family and practices that are brought on by such inequalities.
In calling for the strengthening of national capacities to address national priorities relating to family issues, the resolution uses a narrow definition, thus ignoring sexually diverse groups and their rights related to cohabitation and having children. The fact that sexual diversity continues to be criminialised in many countries is further proof of the refusal to recognize that in different contexts, various forms of the family exist and should be protected and upheld.
At the same time, State parties should not interpret the preservation of cultural identity, traditions, morals, heritage and value system of the society in a manner that limits the potential of women and girls within the family and society, entrenching inequalities and gender biases within the family and society at large. Furthermore, a focus on preserving
these helps to conceal human rights violations and abuses such as marital rape, child abuse, early marriages, incest and honour killings that occur within families. Individuals within the family have to be seen as right holders in their own right.
We call attention towards mention of reductions in social expenditure in the Resolution that often affects social sectors such as health, including reductions in expenditure on women’s health services. Overall health care and access to good health care including sexual and reproductive health care are essential for women and girls empowerment.
The Resolution calls for placing the choice of education in the hands of parents but this leaves room for decisions regarding the exclusion of Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) in formal or informal curricular development and delivery. This is noted particularly in relation to protecting the health and wellbeing of girls who are often seen as the guardians of family honour. In relation to such views, CSE would be considered inappropriate for boys and girls within notions of corrupting young minds and encouraging sexual activity rather than a means to empowering them with much needed information to make decisions about their own bodies and sexual choices.
We therefore call on governments and the international community to recognize and respect the differences and diversity that exist among families all around the world so that laws and policies may adequately address their concerns, and services and interventions may be directed to prevent and eliminate discrimination and violence irrespective of their diversity.
Endorsements
- Abdul Momen Khan Memorial Foundation (Khan Foundation), Bangladesh
- Action Works, Nepal
- Ageing Nepal, Nepal
- AWAZ Foundation Pakistan: Centre for Development Services, Pakistan
- Bangladesh Centre for Human Rights and Development, Bangladesh
- Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication (BNNRC), Bangladesh
- Beyond Beijing Committee, Nepal
- Borok Peoples’ Human Rights Organisation (BPHRO), India
- Cambodia Indigenous Association (CIYA), Cambodia
- Center for Health, Ethics and Social Policy, USA
- Center for Women’s Global Leadership, Rutgers University
- Centre for Community Economics and Development Consultants Society, India
- Centre for Youth Empowerment and Civic Education (CYECE), Malawi
- CHETNA, India
- CHOICE for Youth and Sexuality, Global
- Coalition for Sexual and Bodily Rights in Muslim Societies (CSBR), Global
- Danish Family Planning Association, Denmark
- Elige Red de Jóvenes por los Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos, Mexico
- EMPOWER, India
- Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, University of Health Sciences, Laos PDR
- FEMNET – African Women’s Development & Communication Network, Pan-African region
- FKSH, Timor-Leste
- FOKUS – Forum for Women and Development, Norway
- Fortress of Hope Africa, Kenya
- Fundacion Arcoiris Por El Respeto A La Diversidad Sexual, Mexico
- Gram Bharati Samiti (GBS), India
- Huvadhoo Aid, Maldives
- Ikhtyar “Choice” for Gender Studies and Research, Egypt
- International Alliance of Women, Global
- International Campaign for Women’s Rights to Safe Abortion, Global
- JAGO NARI, Bangladesh
- Likhaan Center for Women’s Health, Philippines
- MAP Foundation of Thailand, Thailand
- Mission For Migrant Workers, Hong Kong
- MONFEMNET National Network, Mongolia
- Moroccan Family Planning Association (MFPA), Morocco
- Naripokkho, Bangladesh
- National Alliance of Women’s Organisations (NAWO), United Kingdom
- Nazra for Feminist Studies, Egypt
- Organization Latin American and Caribbean Womens Health Network, Latin America
- Pacific Women’s Watch, New Zealand
- Participatory Research Action Network- PRAN, Bangladesh
- PENITA Initiative, Malaysia
- Positive Change for Cambodia, Cambodia
- Reproductive Health Association of Cambodia (RHAC), Cambodia
- Reproductive Health Matters, Global
- Rural Women’s Social Education Centre (RUWSEC), India
- SEEDS India, India
- Shakti Samuha, Nepal
- Sindh Community Foundation, India
- Society for International Development (SID), Global
- Soroptimist International, Global
- Voluntary Association for Agriculture, General Development, Health & ReconstructionAlliance, India
- William Nicholas Gomes, Human Rights Defender and Freelance Journalist, United Kingdom
- Women and Media Collective, Sri Lanka
- Yayasan Jurnal Perempuan (YJP), Indonesia
- Yayasan Kesehatan Perempuan (YKP) – Women Health Organisation, Indonesia
- Yunnan Health and Development Research Association (YHDRA), China
