Since at least the early 1980s, family planning organisations in Asia and the Pacific and globally, have been trying to increase ‘male participation’ or more awareness on men’s roles and responsibilities in reproduction in family planning programmes. Increase in the use of male-related contraceptive methods, which is the main conventional indicator of successful participation, has not gone up significantly in this time despite strong efforts in certain countries such as the campaigns of Mr. Mechai of Thailand, and the educational promotions of Family Planning Associations in Hong Kong and Korea. Why is this?